Combustion Chamber Optimization for Dual-Fuel Biogas–Diesel Co-Combustion in Compression Ignition Engines

Micro-cogeneration with locally produced biogas from waste is a proven technique for supporting the decarbonization process. However, strongly variable composition of can make its use in internal combustion engines quite challenging. Dual-fuel offer advantages over conventional SI and diesel engines, but there are still issues to be addressed, such as low-load thermodynamic efficiency nitrogen oxide emissions. In particular, it highly desirable reduce NOx directly chamber order avoid expensive after-treatment systems. This study analyzed influence system, especially piston bowl geometry injector nozzle, on performance emissions dual-fuel diesel–biogas engine designed micro-cogeneration (maximum electric power: 50 kW). detail, four different cylindrical bowls characterized by radii 23, 28, 33 38 mm were compared omega-shaped bowl. Moreover, tip position jet tilt angle was ranges 2–10 30–120°, respectively. The goal optimization find configuration that able amount while maintaining high values brake thermal at all operating conditions. For this purpose, 3D-CFD investigation carried out means customized version KIVA-3V code both full load (BMEP = 8 bar, 3000 rpm, maximum power) partial 4 rpm). novelty consisted parametric approach problem number investigated parameters. results indicated standard design yielded near-optimal trade-off between pollutant emissions; however, lower load, significant could found designing deeper smaller radius. new radius 23 equivalent one BMEP NOx-specific reduction 38% bar same value BTE.